L1 Blockchain

StackGPU runs a Ethereum-anchored attestation layer dedicated to verifiable GPU computation. Validators don't just settle payments — they re-execute and slash dishonest claims.

Why a dedicated L1

Ethereum already settles billions of dollars in value every day, but it doesn't natively verify GPU computation. StackGPU's L1 is a specialized layer that commits state roots to Ethereum for finality, while running its own consensus optimized for compute-attestation throughput.

What the L1 does

1. Receives inference attestations from hosts after each compute cycle. Each attestation contains: input hash, output hash, GPU model fingerprint, timestamp.
2. Samples randomly a subset of cycles per epoch and assigns validators to re-execute.
3. Compares outputs. If re-execution matches (within numerical tolerance), the host gets paid. If it diverges, slashing kicks in.
4. Settles to Ethereum. Every epoch's state root is committed to a Ethereum smart contract for finality.

Architecture diagram

┌──────────────┐  inference job   ┌──────────────┐
│   Renter     │ ───────────────→ │   Host GPU   │
└──────────────┘   ←─ output ───  └──────┬───────┘
                                         │
                                  attestation
                                         │
                                         ▼
                              ┌──────────────────┐
                              │   StackGPU L1    │
                              │  (attestation,   │
                              │   sampling,      │
                              │   slashing)      │
                              └────────┬─────────┘
                                       │
                              epoch state roots
                                       ▼
                              ┌──────────────────┐
                              │   Ethereum mainnet │
                              │  (finality +     │
                              │   settlement)    │
                              └──────────────────┘

Throughput

• Attestations / second: ~12,000 (per current validator set)
• Re-execution sample rate: 2-5% of cycles, randomly assigned
• Time to Ethereum finality: ~12s per epoch commit
• Validator set: targeting 100 active at mainnet maturity

Differences from EVM L1s